2.
  -2021
   
    
(   -V)
 :      :100
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.         ?        
2.          NULL  ALTERNATE 
   ?   '   
 -
3. -       
4. --         
     
  
 -
5.  -   - -    ?    (-)  
         
2.
6.                500  200
             :
 
 

 

 
50
150
200
   
250
50
300

300
200
500
 
            ?
-
7.    3   A, B  C      -      
                 XYZ
    ' - ANOVA       '   
 :
 
 

 

16
64
40

56
72
56

12
56
28
8.    (ANOVA)             
       ?     /  
  CRD  RBD  ANOVA        
2.
  -2021
   
    
(   -V)
 :      :100
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.         ?        
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      "    "
    ,        ,     
  -       '   -  
    -   ,  '    ,    
     
   ,         
  !
  : "             
   ?"
             - 

󷊻󷊼󷊽:   
   
            
   
           
   2 

,  3,    
2.

 : "...  
 ,         
  !"
                
        ,      ' 
   
  ,         :
      '  ?
          ?
     '       ?
           ?
󷋍󷋎   
           :
󰇛󰇜

      :
󰇛󰇜 x      ( , 5   3 
)
() →           ( , 
 4   5   
 ,  λ = 4)
   ( 2.718)
→ x   (1  x     )
       :  
      '  
 ,  
             
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸         
  1:    
 ,  3   10     '   (  λ = 3) , 
   -  10   2      ?
2.
  :
󰇛󰇜


--:



 ,
󰇛󰇜


     22.4%     10      

   
  
       
     ?
󷊷󷊸󷊺󷊹    (       )
  
       ,         -
            
󷄧󷄫       
           ,    ,  -
,        
   -   , ,  ,   -   
    
 
,    :
                
   
2.
󷄧󷄬    (λ)
   -     λ () ,      
     ()  
 
 ,       5    ,  λ = 5
    -  , ,   -    '   
 ,    :      λ ( =  = λ)
    
󷄧󷄭      
         
   (   ) ,       
   ,     !
 ,         (λ) 4 ,      4 
     " "  "  "   
 3:  (μ) =  (σ²) = λ
󷄧󷄮    
         
     
       
      -   
 
           ,    
 

 4:       '  
󷄰󷄯        
 
2.
  ,      ' 
    
       -   
 5:            ;     
   
󷄧󷄱      
   ,         (0, 1, 2, 3…)    
  2.5  
  1.3   
 -    
!
 6:   , -  '   
󷄧󷄲        
    ,        
     
,     (n)     ,     (p)    ,
    (np)    -   λ   
  ,      !
 ,   ':
If  and  then Binomial Poisson.
 7:        ()  
󷄧󷄳 
      λ '   
 λ   (  1  2),        -    ( 
0, 1,  2)      
- λ   (  10  ),         
    
2.
 ,       ,    , 
       
 8:   λ    '      λ  
 
󷈘󷈙   :      
     

       ,    10   6  
 
     10    4      
  :
󰇛󰇜


   :




󰇛󰇜



 ,  10    4     13.39%  
 
,       -  ,    '    '
  
󷊻󷊼󷊽-  (   '    )
   
            :
1.  -          
2.  -   '     
3.    -         
4. -     '   
2.
5.   -        
6.  -             
7.          
                
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    (     )
            , 
 ,  ,    
  -           
     
 :

,      
   (λ)
 =  = λ
   '  
      

 
    
 λ '    ( λ  ,  λ  )
󹲴󹲵  
         
   ,    
 
  ,  ,     ,     '
 
  
, 
      
,    
         - -   
2.          NULL  ALTERNATE 
   ?   '   
2.
:󷄧󼿒 ,        
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

   ,         ,    '
   : "          ?"
   , "   !      "  
   , "       "
 ,   ,    , 
  : "
    
      
     -      
       ,       
  ,         "
                :  
-     
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 1:      ?
  ,             
,      (   , ,  )  
,   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :         
  
   
  :
"       170  "
" A        60% "
"      "
      -         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 2:      
 , 
  '       :
󹼧1.   (H₀)
:
:    ,  ,        
2.
            
     
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
"    '   
"
"    = 170 "
󹼧2.   (H₁   Hₐ)
: 
:            

      
 
      ,  
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
"    "
"    ≠ 170 "
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 3:        

  (H₀)
  (H₁)

      
  
 

       



, 
  

" = 50"
" ≠ 50"

      '  
 
 H₀      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :
= "  
 "
= "    "
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 4:     ?
      ',        
     
    :
2.
H₀ (  )=   
 (  )=    
  
 =    ,  H₀   (  )  
,  H₀ 
    ( )
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 : 
  H₀  "" 
 
     
        
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 5:     
    -- ,      :
󹼧 1:    
  (H₀):     
  (H₁):      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: H₀:    = 50 H₁:    ≠ 50
󹼧 2:   (α) 
 H₀             ( I )
 : 0.05 (5%)  0.01 (1%)
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: α = 0.05     
H₀       5% 
  
󹼧 3:   
   ', 
   :
o -( )
o z-(  )
o - (  )
o  (     )
󹼧 4:     
  (  t  z )      
          
󹼧 5:      - 
   :        
- :  H₀          
2.
󹼧 6:  
   >   H₀  
 p- < α → H₀  

 H₀    
󹼧 7:  
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  p- = 0.01  α = 0.05 → H₀   : "   
      50 
"
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 6:     
     ,      :
1.  I  (   )
H₀        
:            

2.  II  (   )
  ' H₀     
:        
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 7:     
               

      
 
H₀: 
    
 (  = 70)
H₁:     
  (  > 70)
 30      ,       ,  0.02  p-
  

 p < 0.05 ,  H₀   󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 
      
        
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 8:     
  
2.
    :
  (  )
     
     
     
  ,       ,        
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 9: -  
    :
 :   
   
 ?
  :    
 ?
:      
 ?
:    
 ?
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 -      
󽆪󽆫󽆬
       -        

 ,        
 
   
, 
   ,      
      :
   "    " 
     ,      
  
    ,      
 -     
 -
3. -       
2.
:󷊆󷊇 
:     
    ,     ,       
     ,        
  -   
       
      ?
   
  , ",         , 
  -    -     
     
 -    -!"
    , "  -  ?"
","   , "     
          
     
"
     -       - ,   
    
󼪍󼪎󼪏󼪐󼪑󼪒󼪓-  :     σ
   , 
    (μ)      

     (σ)  ,  
  (Z-)    
 
     :
  ,  
  σ  ?   
!     
   
 
 ? 
   (s)    σ   
  
     :

   
 s  σ   ,     
  t-          
 , -    -      ""  ""  ,  
          
2.
󹶜󹶟󹶝󹶞󹶠󹶡󹶢󹶣󹶤󹶥󹶦󹶧      
     1900     ,     
             
   -             
  ?
  
            

              
,
    ""         

  -  
     
"-" ,   ,    
 
 -           !
󷇍󷇎󷇏󷇐󷇑󷇒   : -      ?
-                
   :   
  
? 
       ,  
σ (  )
             
  -
         
-     ,  σ        ,  t- 
    
 :
As the t-distribution becomes the normal distribution.
   -      ,  " "  
   ,  ""    !
󽁌󽁍󽁎-   
,            
-     
 :
2.
   , Z, 
 - , χ²,      (v)    
  ':
󰇛
󰇜
,
   ( 0,  1)    
χ² -     v    
v = n - 1,  n   
    -    '    -   
󷄧󹻘󹻙󹻚󹻛   - 
    
    (v)    

  
     5    
        
 
  4     ,  5         , 
  '  4        
    
 n - 1 
- :
-     , t-        
      v    ( , 5  10),         v
   (  100  ),          
 , 
    " "       - 
    ,          
 !
󼴘󼴙󼴚-  
2.
  
-   ,         
    
1. 
t-  ()  -            
     t-   
  
          
2. 
-    ,     
     ,  
  
 :
󰇛󰇜
  :        v > 1 (1     )
3. 
-      '         :
󰇛󰇜
for
           ( v),     
     - v  ,     1 (     
 )   
        ,     ""  -  
   
4.  
-                   
        
2.
             

   -     , ",       - 
         !"
5.   
  - 
 -      !       
   (v)    
v = 1 ,      
v = 5 ,     
v = 30 ,      
 , - v  , t-  -       
6.     
-        
 :
󰇛󰇜
          ,     - 
    
 -      !
7.     
-        ,  :
- -(    -    )
- -(      )
  -(           )
   t- '     σ         
8.     
2.
  , -     1        
(100%) 
 
9.   
Z- , t-          :

               
         '  
󹲉󹲊󹲋󹲌󹲍    
         -  ,  ₅ (5  
  t),   ₃₀ (30     t)
     
       
 
 ₃₀       ,   
      -     , - 
  "-"   
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸     
  


     

0 (v > 1   )

v / (v 2), v > 2   
  
 0   

 +

   
  
v = n 1
 
v → ∞      
  
1  
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
?
-      ,        
             '  
    
   - -  
         
        ,    
     
  ,       
󷊷󷊸󷊺󷊹 :    
           -   
 
 -  -     
 
    ( )     
  ,  
      -      , 
     

4. --         
     
  
:     ,             
     :              
 -  ,    : "     ,   
    ?"
  ,      ,  
  : "   
     
-            
            
      
      
"
   -          
     
,    ,     
  
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 1: -   ?
-  (χ²)           
   
    
2.
  ':
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :  
   '     ,     , 
  ,    -    
 
   1900        ,   , 
              
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 2: -     
             :
󹼧1.  -   

    '  , χ²    
 
 0          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   " " 
 ,   χ²   ≥ 0  
󹼧2.      (df) '   
    (df)     ,    ' 
        
 df (  1  2) ,       
- df  ,              
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔df   ""      ,   
 
󹼧3.    
χ²    = df
 = 2 × df
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  df = 6 ,   = 6   = 12 
󹼧4.    
  χ²  

 df ,     
  
     
2.
󹼧5.     ' 
 df ,      
- df  ,    ,         
  
󹼧6.   
   χ²   df = m  df = n ,     df = m + n 
 χ²  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      
 
󹼧7.  
χ²     ,   
        ,     
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 3: 
-   
  ?
χ²    '             
    :
   ?
   ?
    (    )    ?
          ?
     :
1. - -          ?
2.   -      ?
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 4:      -    
             
 1:     
H₀ ( ):   
H₁ ( ):   

 2:   
2.
 60   
         (2  12)   
     , 7        
             
 3: -     
󰇛󰇜
:
O =   
E =  
 4:       
χ²    
    (  0.05) ' χ²       
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 χ²     > χ²  → H₀     󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 χ² 
 χ²  → H₀      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 5:     -    
             (  ) 
(  ) '   
200     
       
  χ²    
 χ²   ,             
,
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 6:     
  
    :
  (χ²   )
  (  )
 -      
2.
       ,         
  
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 7: -  
-     :
:              
 :               
 :           '   
:             
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔         

-      -       
      
      
  - ,    ' ,
,    
 
 -     
 
 ,         '  ,     

     , χ²   ,       
  
 -
5.  -   - -    ?    (-)  
         
: -   ,     -  '
              
    
               
          -     
      
    : "    ,     ?"
2.
      : "
       ,  
 
      '              
  -  - () - 
 "
              
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 1: -  
-                
           '  
   :
       (         
)
       (   -   )
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      :
  -(  )
-  -(  )
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 2:  - - "    "  
󹼧 
  -             - ,   
      ,      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  -  '         -  
      
󹼧   
      (   )
        
             
󹼧 
:
2.
=   
=    
=   
󹼧 
   10             

 -                
         
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 3: -  () - - " "  
󹼧 
 -  - (   -    )    
        -  ,    -   
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
󹼧   
    
     
            
󹼧 
:
=  
=  
=   
󹼧 
   30           30
         
 -  -
          
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 4:   - -    
2.

 -
-  -
 
 (     )
 (- )

  
  

       
   
 -  


  (
    
   )
(
  
 )
 
     
  
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :
  -= "   ?"
-  -= "     ?"
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 5:           
󹼧 -  
1.  : 
          
2. :             
   
󹼧-  -  
1.  :  -      -       

2. :           -   
      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 6:     
       
              
            -  
 ,     -        
         
   ,  
- -  
   : "    ?"          ' 
        
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 7:     
  
2.
    :
  (  - -  )
        
  (   )
  (   )
  ,       ,        
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 8: -  
 :         -;  -   
   - -
  :           -; 
-        - -
 :           -;  -
      - -
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      -    '      
󽆪󽆫󽆬   
 -  - -  -      
  
  -    ,         
 
- -       ,    
  ,                
: "    ,     ?"
6.                500  200
             :
 

 

 
50
150
200
   
250
50
300
2.

300
200
500
 
            ?
:  ,              
    , .        
    
        500        
 -     
,    :
200     (   )
300  
  ( -  )
  ,              
  :
   (200 ): 50    150 

-   (300 ): 250    50 

.    '   :
 
 .

 
50
150
200
   
250
50
300

300
200
500
    : "          ?" .  

  , "      -   "
--, --  (      )
 
     ()     -      
     
1)    
     200  50    
--  :
 = 50
 = 200
50 ÷ 200 = 0.25
2.
  = 0.25 = 25%
2) -   
  -   300  250    
--  :
 = 250
 = 300
250 ÷ 300 = ( 50  ) → 5 ÷ 6 = 0.833333...    
   ≈ 0.8333 = 83.33%
    : 
   ,  4  1      
-
   ,  5  4      
     ?

           :  , 
,             
3)     (ARR)
ARR =  (-) -  ()
--  :
 (-) = 0.833333...
 () = 0.25
ARR = 0.833333... − 0.25 = 0.583333...
  ARR ≈ 0.5833,   58.33   
    : ,         58   
4)    (RR)       (RRR)
  =  () ÷  (  )
    --   :
 () = 50/200 = 1/4
 (-) = 250/300 = 5/6
2.
RR = (1/4) ÷ (5/6) = (1/4) × (6/5) = 6/20 = 3/10 = 0.3
  RR = 0.3
   (RRR) = 1 − RR = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7 = 70%
    :         30%   -  
 
         70%  
5)    
  (NNT)
NNT = 1 ÷ ARR
--  :
ARR = 0.583333...
1 ÷ 0.583333... = (0.583333... = 7/12 )    : 0.583333... =
7/12,    = 12/7 ≈ 1.7142857...
NNT  
  (
 
    
 ): NNT = 2
    :      2          
NNT   '    
   :            
?
    ,     '     
          '         
2×2  ,  -         

         
  
  
  (,  )      ×    ÷ 
   
  (--):
     = (    ×    ) ÷   =
(200 × 300) ÷ 500 = 60000 ÷ 500 = 120
      - = (200 × 200) ÷ 500 = 40000 ÷ 500 = 80
-    = (300 × 300) ÷ 500 = 90000 ÷ 500 = 180
-    - = (300 × 200) ÷ 500 = 60000 ÷ 500 = 120
 -  :   , (  -  )² ÷  ,  

2.
     (--):
, :   50,  120 →  = −70 →  = 4,900 → 
120 → 4,900 ÷ 120 = 40.833333...
, 
:   150,  80 →  = 70 →  = 4,900 →  80
→ 4,900 ÷ 80 = 61.25

-, :   250,  180 →  = 70 →  = 4,900 →
 180 → 4,900 ÷ 180 = 27.222222...
- 
, 
:   50,  120 →  = −70 →  = 4,900
 120 = 40.833333...
 :
40.833333... + 61.25 + 27.222222... + 40.833333... = 170.138888...
  - ≈ 170.14 1     (
 2×2 )   - ,
p-    , 0.001      :      
  '  (     
)     
    :              
   -    
   (      )
    = 50 ÷ 150 = 1 ÷ 3 ≈ 0.3333 -    = 250 ÷ 50 = 5
  (OR) = 0.3333 ÷ 5 = 0.066666... = 1/15
:          1/15
    
         
      ? —  , ,   
 -     ',        
 83.33% (  
)    25% ()  
   ≈ 58.33  
   = 70%
  
  (NNT) = 2 (         
)
- ≈ 170.14, p0.001 ,         '
 
2.
  :          
,     
            ,         -
                  
     ;        
          (  )    
 ,          ,     

    :
1.         ?   
  
      -     
             
  ( ,    / ),    
       
2.     ?          
,        
3.      : 
       
      ?      
 
4.  -   :          ?  
         ?
5.    :  500        (- ,
,   )   ?
6.    :   p-   ,    
      
   ,    -  ,  NNT,    - 
    '           
   
-
7.    3   A, B  C      -      
                 XYZ
    ' - ANOVA       '   
 :
2.
 
 

 

16
64
40

56
72
56

12
56
28
:              '
  - A, B,  C -    -  - X, Y,  Z -       
         '   
    
 ( -   ):

XYZ
16 64 40
 56 72 56
 12 56 28

                
 (        ):
1.  -  (A, B, C)       ?
2.  -  (X, Y, Z)          
?

   (  )     - ANOVA     
 (
  -        ) 
  

 (     
), 
     
  - 
           -   
    -- ,     
    
1.              (     )
 
     
  (   ): 400
  : 9 (3  × 3 )
2.
 (  ) = 400 / 9 = 44.444... 
  ()       :
 A:  = 16 + 64 + 40 = 120 →  = 120 / 3 = 40.000
 B:  = 56 + 72 + 56 = 184 →  = 184 / 3 = 61.333...
 C:  = 12 + 56 + 28 = 96 →  = 96 / 3 = 32.000
  ()       :
 X:  = 16 + 56 + 12 = 84 →  = 84 / 3 = 28.000
 Y:  = 64 + 72 + 56 = 192 →  = 192 / 3 = 64.000
 Z:  = 40 + 56 + 28 = 124 →  = 124 / 3 = 41.333...
       
     :
     (≈61.33 ), C    (32),  A (40) 
 YX (28)  Z (41.33)    ( 64 )   
            ?   ANOVA  
2. -   (   )

  (          )
   :
    (         ),
    (         ),
   ()  ,      , 
   ( × )       
  ':
    (SST) = (  -   
 = 3694.2222
     (SS_workers) =        
:
_ = 1379.5556
     (SS_machines) =         
:
_  = 1987.5556
2.
     (SS_res) = SST − SS_workers − SS_machines:
_ = 327.1111
   (df):
df_total = N − 1 = 9 − 1 = 8
df_workers = r − 1 = 3 − 1 = 2
df_ = c − 1 = 3 − 1 = 2
df_ = (r − 1)(c − 1) = 2 × 2 = 4
  (MS) — 
 SS  df   :
_ = _ / 2 = 689.7778
_ = _ / 2 = 993.7778
_ = _ / 4 = 81.7778
F- ( MS    MS  ):
F_workers = MS_workers / MS_res = 8.4348
_ = _ / _ = 12.1522

 F   df1 = 2  df2 = 4    F     5% 
 ,  F(2,4) ≈ 6.944 ( F    ) 1%  , F(2,4) ≈
21.2 ()
F_workers = 8.43 > 6.944 → α = 0.05 '  ( 21.2  ,   0.01 '
 
)
F_machines = 12.15 > 6.944 → α = 0.05 '    (   p- < 0.05
 > 0.01 )
(  p-   :  F  p- < 0.05     
 
    p-  
 ,  
      5%  '
 )
ANOVA    (    )

..



1379.5556
2
689.7778
8.4348

1987.5556
2
993.7778
12.1522

327.1111
4
81.7778
-

3694.2222
8
-
-
3.       
2.
  ,      :
      
        61.3   -  
(44.44)    ANOVA 
         (F ≈
8.43, 5%  ' )     
     
 :         ,  B    
     
 :   
 Y    
 : 64  -  X (28)  Z (41.33)  
 ANOVA 
        '   
(F ≈ 12.15, p < 0.05)           

        (   )
   -           
×      -  
  
 :      B  Y '   '   (   
   ),           --   
  
        ,    
        : 
  
     B
    '            
   ( ,      '   '  ),
       (  '   
   )   
  '     
 
     '  
   :  Y         , 
 Y     -         
  :             
  '      ,         
   (, )          
 :       B Y ( ) '   '    
   ,   ( -      )
  
        '   
2.
4.   ,    ()
   (A, B, C)             (X, Y, Z) ,
 
             :
 - :  (   '   )
 () - :  (Y    )
      () '   '     -  
   
     
    :          ,   
       (        )  
  ,  -     
5.  -  
5%  '          '   (: F ≈
8.43,  : F ≈ 12.15),     B   Y     -
  ×              

8.    (ANOVA)             
       ?     /  
  CRD  RBD  ANOVA        
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

               
'  -          : "
   - 
            ?        
  ?"
    : " 
   --  ,  

     ,  ,     -  
 (ANOVA)  -     ,         
   "
   ,   ANOVA      -      
      ,        
2.
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 1:   -    ?
󹼧-  (-)
 
         ( ,     
),  
 -              
  '  
           ?
:  A,  B,   C        
 
 -  ,   I  ( )   
   
󹼧: 
       (  ), -  
 
        ,          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :
-= "     ?"
 = "        ,      ?"
 , ANOVA           ,  ANOVA
   '    ,   -     
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 2:  
ANOVA       
         :
1. -   (     )
2.     (      )
ANOVA F-            :
Between-group variance
Within-group variance
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 F        󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 F      ' 
  
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 3: 
  -      ?
   4    
2.
     = 6
      5%  
       
ANOVA             ,  
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 4:      
    , ANOVA   '        
 '    
󹼧A. CRD (     )     
 ,         
   :
1.  :       
2.    :  ()   '   
3.     :        
4.  :    '    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       '     
󹼧B. RBD (     )     
RBD ,        (  
),         '    
   :
1.  :        
2.    :    '   
3.     :     
4.    :        (   
)
5.       :         
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: -   ()     ,     
      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘 5:  
2.
     
  '   (, , )    
 ,      
 RBD ,       (, , )  
 ,            
    ,  ANOVA 
 
 F  ,     : "      "
          ,   () 
-     
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘:   - 
 : -        
 :      
:        
  :         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        , ANOVA    
󽆪󽆫󽆬
  -            (-
)   ,            : "  
  ,  
?"
, ANOVA         -          
 ,           
     CRD        RBD , ANOVA
              -  
  ,       
"                  

          ,           "